This chapter discusses feminist interrogations of the concept of citizenship, nationality and citizenship, gender and international law, and the 'myth' of protection and the state. Citizenship and nationality provides a view of the gendered nature of state and international structures. Women's exclusion from the rights of full citizenship has historically been expressed through domestic laws regarding nationality. Women's issues to citizenship have important consequences for both domestic and international politics, as people have seen in the development of international law surrounding nationalities. Considering how gender roles are reflected on meta-levels, one have seen that patriarchal social norms are reflected in the conception of the state as 'protector', whether through oppression or through a sense of benevolent duty. Globalization continues to encourage a larger notion of citizenship, in which different forms of political activism, based on people's lived realities, may contribute to a further evolution of 'citizenship' itself.